1. Evaluation: Before the transplant, the patient undergoes a thorough evaluation to determine their eligibility for the procedure. This evaluation includes medical tests, imaging studies, and consultations with various specialists.

2. Conditioning: Prior to the transplant, the patient undergoes a conditioning regimen, which typically involves high-dose chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or a combination of both. The purpose of conditioning is to destroy the diseased or malfunctioning bone marrow and suppress the patient’s immune system to prevent rejection of the new cells.

3. Stem Cell Collection: In the case of an allogeneic transplant, the donor’s stem cells are collected either from their bone marrow or from peripheral blood. If the patient is the donor (autologous transplant), their stem cells are collected before the conditioning regimen.

4. Transplant: The actual transplant involves infusing the healthy stem cells into the patient’s bloodstream through a central venous catheter. The stem cells then travel to the bone marrow, where they begin to produce new blood cells.

5. Engraftment: After the transplant, the patient is closely monitored for a period of time until the newly transplanted stem cells engraft and start producing new blood cells. This process usually takes a few weeks.

6. Recovery and Supportive Care: During the recovery phase, the patient may experience various side effects and complications, such as infections, graft-versus-host disease (in the case of an allogeneic transplant), or organ damage. Supportive care measures, including medications, transfusions, and antibiotics, are provided to manage these issues.

7. Follow-up Care: After leaving the hospital, the patient requires long-term follow-up care to monitor their progress, manage any potential complications, and support their overall health and well-being.

It’s important to note that the bone marrow transplant procedure can vary depending on factors such as the underlying condition being treated, the type of transplant (allogeneic or autologous), and the specific protocols followed by the medical team. The process outlined above provides a general overview, and each patient’s experience may be unique.